However, many of these early kings would have been local rulers, and from the late 24th century BC to the early 22nd century BC, they were usually subjects of the Akkadian Empire. The Assyrian king list records kings dating from the 25th century BC onwards, the earliest being Tudiya, who was a contemporary of Ibrium of Ebla. The history of Assyria begins with the formation of the city of Assur perhaps as early as the 25th century BC. 7100 BC and Tell Hassuna, the centre of the Hassuna culture, c. The earliest Neolithic sites in Assyria belonged to the Jarmo culture c. In prehistoric times, the region that was to become known as Assyria (and Subartu) was home to Neanderthals such as the remains of those which have been found at the Shanidar Cave. 645–635 BCĪssyria is the homeland of the Assyrian people it is located in the ancient Near East. Part of the Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal, c. In northern Syria, Assyrian groups have been taking part both politically and militarily in the Kurdish-dominated but multiethnic Syrian Democratic Forces (see Khabour Guards and Sutoro) and Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria. ISIL was driven out from the Assyrian villages in the Khabour River Valley and the areas surrounding the city of Al-Hasakah in Syria by 2015, and from the Nineveh Plains in Iraq by 2017. īecause of the emergence of ISIL and the taking over of much of the Assyrian homeland by the terror group, another major wave of Assyrian displacement has taken place. Of the one million or more Iraqis reported by the United Nations to have fled Iraq since the occupation, nearly 40% were Assyrians even though Assyrians accounted for only around 3% of the pre-war Iraqi demography. Most recently, the post-2003 Iraq War and the Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011, have displaced much of the remaining Assyrian community from their homeland as a result of ethnic and religious persecution at the hands of Islamic extremists. Both rites use Classical Syriac as their liturgical language. The churches that constitute the East Syriac rite include the Chaldean Catholic Church, Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East, whereas the churches of the West Syriac rite are the Syriac Orthodox Church and Syriac Catholic Church. Īssyrians are predominantly Christian, mostly adhering to the East and West Syriac liturgical rites of Christianity. Emigration was triggered by events such as the massacres of Diyarbakır, the Assyrian genocide (concurrent with the Armenian and Greek genocides) during World War I by the Ottoman Empire and allied Kurdish tribes, the Simele massacre in Iraq in 1933, the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Arab Nationalist Ba'athist policies in Iraq and Syria, the rise of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and its takeover of most of the Nineveh Plains. The majority have migrated to other regions of the world, including North America, the Levant, Australia, Europe, Russia and the Caucasus during the past century. The tribal areas that form the Assyrian homeland are parts of present-day northern Iraq ( Nineveh Plains and Dohuk Governorate), southeastern Turkey ( Hakkari and Tur Abdin), northwestern Iran ( Urmia) and, more recently, northeastern Syria ( Al-Hasakah Governorate). Modern Assyrians are Syriac Christians who claim descent from Assyria, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, dating back to 2500 BC in ancient Mesopotamia. They are speakers of the Neo-Aramaic branch of Semitic languages as well as the primary languages in their countries of residence. Some self-identify as Syriacs, Chaldeans, or Arameans. Minority Protestantism, Judaism and IslamĪssyrians ( ܣܘܪ̈ܝܐ, Sūrāyē/Sūrōyē) are an ethnic group indigenous to the Middle East.
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